Background and objectives: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common arrhythmia associated with various risk factors and significant morbidity and mortality.Materials and methods: This article presents findings from a study involving 345 patients with permanent AF.This study examined demographics, risk factors, associated pathologies, complications, and
Since the main attenuation of solar irradiance reaching the earth’s surface is due to clouds, it has been hypothesized that global horizontal irradiance attenuation and its temporal variability at a given location could be characterized simply by cloud properties at that location.This hypothesis is tested using global horizontal irradiance me
BACKGROUND: The airway epithelium participates in asthmatic inflammation in many ways.Target cells of the epithelium can respond to a variety of inflammatory mediators and cytokines.Damage to the surface epithelium occurs following the secretion of eosinophil-derived, highly toxic cationic proteins.Moreover, the surface epithelium itself is respons
Although evolutionary fates and expression patterns of duplicated genes have been extensively investigated, how duplicated genes co-regulate a biological process in polyploids remains largely unknown.Here, we identified two gsdf (gonadal somatic cell-derived factor) homeologous genes (gsdf-A and gsdf-B) in hexaploid gibel carp (Carassius gibelio),